Livorno is the third largest port on the western coast of Italy. The city, which developed considerably since the end of the sixteenth century by the Medici, was an important free port frequented by many foreign merchants, home to consulates and shipping companies. This helped to say, since the end of the sixteenth century, the characters of multiethnic and multicultural city, of which, almost unique case in Italy, survive important remains, such as churches and cemeteries national, palaces, villas and public works inextricably linked to the names of important foreign communities who attended the free port until the second half of the nineteenth century.
Among the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, addition to the initiation of the process of industrialization, Livorno was also a tourist destination of international significance to the presence of important beach resorts and spas.